Comparison of Ovarian and Cervical Cancer Prevalence in Iraqi Women with Lowered Serum Antioxidant Levels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v11i1.1709Keywords:
cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, antioxidant, cancer diagnosis.Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between a decline in serum endogenous enzymatic antioxidant levels and cervical and ovarian cancer incidence and to determine which type of cancer was more significantly influenced by the decrease in endogenous enzymatic antioxidants among Iraqi patients.
Methods: it’s a retrospective study comprising a total of 100 adult females, including 50 patients with ovarian and cervical cancer, recruited from the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, between January and March 2024. The patient's history was acquired with the patient's consent. Biochemical tests were performed using a spectrophotometric technique to estimate serum endogenous enzymatic antioxidant levels, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase.
Result: The study demonstrated a significantly lower serum level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase among the study population with cancer compared with healthy women. Among the positive cases, The number of patients with cervical cancer was significantly higher than that of those with ovarian cancer. Further, the level of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants in patients with cervical cancer was lower than that in patients with ovarian cancer.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the serum level of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants may serve as a marker for predicting the incidence of cervical cancer, particularly associated with human papillomavirus infection, with a lesser association with ovarian cancer.
References
AGARWAL, A. & MAJZOUB, A. 2017. Free radicals in andrology. Antioxidants in andrology, 1-21.
ARAFA, N. & FAQIHI, K. H. 2019. Effect of khat on ovarian oxidative stress in female rats. African Journal of Biological Sciences, 15, 53-62.
ARMSTRONG, D. K., ALVAREZ, R. D., BAKKUM-GAMEZ, J. N., BARROILHET, L., BEHBAKHT, K., BERCHUCK, A., BEREK, J. S., CHEN, L.-M., CRISTEA, M. & DEROSA, M. 2019. NCCN guidelines insights: Ovarian cancer, version 1.2019: Featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 17, 896-909.
ASLANI, B. A. & GHOBADI, S. 2016. Studies on oxidants and antioxidants with a brief glance at their relevance to the immune system. Life sciences, 146, 163-173.
BAUMANN, M. & VON KNEBEL DOEBERITZ, M. 2024. Obituary: Nobel Laureate Harald zur Hausen (1936–2023)-Who dedicated his life to unraveling the role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of human cancers. European Journal of Cancer, 202.
BEEVI, S. S., RASHEED, M. H. & GEETHA, A. 2007. Evidence of oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Clinica Chimica Acta, 375, 119-123.
BOYANAPALLI, S. S. & KONG, A.-N. T. 2015. “Curcumin, the king of spices”: epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the prevention of cancer, neurological, and inflammatory diseases. Current pharmacology reports, 1, 129-139.
BURD, E. M. 2003. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Clinical microbiology reviews, 16, 1-17.
CAGLAYAN, A., KATLAN, D. C., SELCUK TUNCER, Z., YUCE, K., SAYAL, H. B., COŞKUN SALMAN, M. & KOCER‐GUMUSEL, B. 2017. Impaired antioxidant enzyme functions with increased lipid peroxidation in epithelial ovarian cancer. IUBMB life, 69, 802-813.
CHATTOPADHYAY, D. K. 2021. Ratio of serum superoxide dismutase and whole blood glutathione peroxidase: A noteworthy parameter for tuberculosis diagnosis. Indian J Med Biochem, 25, 100-104.
CHEN, H.-J. C., CHEN, C.-Y., FANG, Y.-H., HUNG, K.-W. & WU, D.-C. 2022. Malondialdehyde-Induced Post-translational Modifications in Hemoglobin of Smokers by NanoLC–NSI/MS/MS Analysis. Journal of Proteome Research, 21, 2947-2957.
DAS, T. T. 2015. Role of antioxidants in health and diseases-a review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 8, 1033-1037.
DAVIES, B. M., KATAYAMA, J. K., MONSIVAIS, J. E., ADAMS, J. R., DILTS, M. E., EBERTING, A. L. & HANSEN, J. M. 2023. Real-time analysis of dynamic compartmentalized GSH redox shifts and H2O2 availability in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1867, 130321.
DE MARCO, F. 2013. Oxidative stress and HPV carcinogenesis. Viruses, 5, 708-731.
DE MARCO, F., PERLUIGI, M., FOPPOLI, C., BLARZINO, C., CINI, C., COCCIA, R. & VENUTI, A. 2007. UVB irradiation down-regulates HPV-16 RNA expression: implications for malignant progression of transformed cells. Virus research, 130, 249-259.
DI MEO, S., REED, T. T., VENDITTI, P. & VICTOR, V. M. 2016. Role of ROS and RNS sources in physiological and pathological conditions. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2016, 1245049.
EBRAHIMI, S., SOLTANI, A. & HASHEMY, S. I. 2019. Oxidative stress in cervical cancer pathogenesis and resistance to therapy. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 120, 6868-6877.
ERIN, R., TEKIN, Y. B., KUCUK, H. & EREL, Ö. 2021. Evaluation of dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis on HPV positive-women in progression to cervical intraepithelial lesion. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 39, 1073-1077.
GARCES DE LOS FAYOS ALONSO, I., LIANG, H.-C., TURNER, S. D., LAGGER, S., MERKEL, O. & KENNER, L. 2018. The role of activator protein-1 (AP-1) family members in CD30-positive lymphomas. Cancers, 10, 93.
GECIT, I., ERYıLMAZ, R., KAVAK, S., MERAL, I., DEMIR, H., PIRINCCI, N., GUNEŞ, M. & TAKEN, K. 2017. The prolidase activity, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide levels of bladder tissues with or without tumor in patients with bladder cancer. The Journal of Membrane Biology, 250, 455-459.
GUO, K.-M., LI, W., WANG, Z.-H., HE, L.-C., FENG, Y. & LIU, H.-S. 2022. Low-dose aspirin inhibits trophoblast cell apoptosis by activating the CREB/Bcl-2 pathway in pre-eclampsia. Cell Cycle, 21, 2223-2238.
IBRAGIMOVA, M. K., KOKORINA, E., TSYGANOV, M. M., CHURUKSAEVA, O. & LITVIAKOV, N. 2021. Human papillomavirus and ovarian cancer (review of literature and meta-analysis). Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 95, 105086.
IQBAL, M. J., KABEER, A., ABBAS, Z., SIDDIQUI, H. A., CALINA, D., SHARIFI-RAD, J. & CHO, W. C. 2024. Interplay of oxidative stress, cellular communication and signaling pathways in cancer. Cell Communication and Signaling, 22, 7.
JUMAA, A. H., ABDULKAREEM, A. H. & YASIN, Y. S. 2024. The Cytotoxic Effect of Ciprofloxacin Laetrile Combination on Esophageal Cancer Cell Line. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 25, 1433.
JUMAA, A. H., JARAD, A. S. & AL UBOODY, W. S. H. 2020. The effect of esomeprazole on cell line human cervical cancer. Medico-Legal Update, 20.
KRUK, J. & Y ABOUL-ENEIN, H. 2017. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in carcinogenesis: implications of oxidative stress on the progression and development of several cancer types. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 17, 904-919.
MAHADEVAPPA, R. & FAI KWOK, H. 2017. Phytochemicals-A novel and prominent source of anti-cancer drugs against colorectal cancer. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 20, 376-394.
MOLINA-GARRIDO, M.-J. & GUILLEN-PONCE, C. 2017. Use of geriatric assessment and screening tools of frailty in elderly patients with prostate cancer. Review. The Aging Male, 20, 102-109.
NOREEN, A., BUKHARI, D. A. & REHMAN, A. 2018. Reactive Oxygen Species: Synthesis and Their Relationship with Cancer-A Review. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50.
PISOSCHI, A. M. & POP, A. 2015. The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 97, 55-74.
POPOV, B., GADJEVA, V., VALKANOV, P., POPOVA, S. & TOLEKOVA, A. 2003. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in brain tumor tissues. Archives of physiology and biochemistry, 111, 455-459.
RUSSELL, E. G. & COTTER, T. G. 2015. New insight into the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular signal-transduction processes. International review of cell and molecular biology, 319, 221-254.
RUSSO, M., SPAGNUOLO, C., RUSSO, G. L., SKALICKA-WOŹNIAK, K., DAGLIA, M., SOBARZO-SáNCHEZ, E., NABAVI, S. F. & NABAVI, S. M. 2018. Nrf2 targeting by sulforaphane: A potential therapy for cancer treatment. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 58, 1391-1405.
SARHAT, E. R. 2018. Evaluation of Serum Malondialdehyde, Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, and Catalase levels in Hormonal Contraceptives in Tikrit City Entedhar R. Sarhat (, Siham A. Wadi (2), Mutaz S. Ahmed (3), Shaima N. Mustafa (4) Thuraia R. Sarhat (5).
SENTHIL, K., ARANGANATHAN, S. & NALINI, N. 2004. Evidence of oxidative stress in the circulation of ovarian cancer patients. Clinica chimica acta, 339, 27-32.
SHAHIDI, F. & ZHONG, Y. 2015. Measurement of antioxidant activity. Journal of functional foods, 18, 757-781.
SOBHANI, M., TAHERI, A.-R., JAFARIAN, A.-H. & HASHEMY, S. I. 2016. The activity and tissue distribution of thioredoxin reductase in basal cell carcinoma. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 142, 2303-2307.
STEHLIK-BARRY, K. & BABINEC, A. J. 2017. Data analysis with IBM SPSS statistics, Packt Publishing Ltd.
THULASI, M. 2017. ANTIOXIDANTS ROLE IN HUMAN HEALTH: A CRITICAL REVIEW.
VAIDYA, F. U., CHHIPA, A. S., SAGAR, N. & PATHAK, C. 2020. Oxidative stress and inflammation can fuel cancer. Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of diseases, 229-258.
WARNER, S. G. 2015. Survival analysis of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in evaluation of 1999 national cancer institute treatment guidelines. San Diego State University.
WILKES, J. G., ALEXANDER, M. S. & CULLEN, J. J. 2017. Superoxide dismutases in pancreatic cancer. Antioxidants, 6, 66.
WILLIAMS, V. M., FILIPPOVA, M., SOTO, U. & DUERKSEN-HUGHES, P. J. 2011. HPV-DNA integration and carcinogenesis: putative roles for inflammation and oxidative stress. Future virology, 6, 45-57.
YAMAGAMI, W., NAGASE, S., TAKAHASHI, F., INO, K., HACHISUGA, T., AOKI, D. & KATABUCHI, H. 2017. Clinical statistics of gynecologic cancers in Japan. Journal of gynecologic oncology, 28.
YANG, H.-Y. & LEE, T.-H. 2015. Antioxidant enzymes as redox-based biomarkers: a brief review. BMB reports, 48, 200.
YASIN, Y. S., JUMAA, A. H., JABBAR, S. & ABDULKAREEM, A. H. 2023. Effect of laetrile vinblastine combination on the proliferation of the hela cancer cell line. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 24, 4329.
ZALEWSKA-ZIOB, M., ADAMEK, B., KASPERCZYK, J., ROMUK, E., HUDZIEC, E., CHWALIŃSKA, E., DOBIJA-KUBICA, K., ROGOZIŃSKI, P. & BRULIŃSKI, K. 2019. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in the tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissues of non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2019, 2901840.
ZHANG, L., WANG, K., LEI, Y., LI, Q., NICE, E. C. & HUANG, C. 2015. Redox signaling: potential arbitrator of autophagy and apoptosis in therapeutic response. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 89, 452-465.
ZIŃCZUK, J., MACIEJCZYK, M., ZARĘBA, K., ROMANIUK, W., MARKOWSKI, A., KĘDRA, B., ZALEWSKA, A., PRYCZYNICZ, A., MATOWICKA-KARNA, J. & GUZIŃSKA-USTYMOWICZ, K. 2019. Antioxidant barrier, redox status, and oxidative damage to biomolecules in patients with colorectal cancer. Can malondialdehyde and catalase be markers of colorectal cancer advancement? Biomolecules, 9, 637.
ZUR HAUSEN, H. 2009. Papillomaviruses in the causation of human cancers—a brief historical account. Virology, 384, 260-265.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
