Role of Cytokines and Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Immunological Insights: The Role of Cytokines and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v11i5.1929Keywords:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, Cellular Damage, Blood Profile, Lipid MetabolismAbstract
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to define the interplay between cytokines, inflammatory biomarkers, and metabolic changes in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and to identify future diagnostic predictors and improve our understanding of changes in disease-associated immune responses.
Methods: The study was a case-control study that occurred between October 1, 2024 and March 1, 2025 in Al-Nasiriya and Al-Habboubi Teaching Hospitals, involving 150 individuals with PTB and 50 healthy persons of the same age and gender (35 years old to 45 years old). Using a Sysmex CBC scanner, the count of blood cells (WBC, Hb, platelets) was determined. ELISA was used to measure cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, IFN- a, IL-10), acute-phase proteins (CRP, SAA) and oxidative stress markers (MDA, TAC). Informed consent and ethical approval were received.
Results: The PTB patients had high levels of inflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and oxidative stress molecules with low levels of antioxidant capacity. Changes in the hematology were elevated WBC and platelet with low hemoglobin. The lipid profiles were characterized by lower HDL-C levels, elevated triglycerides levels and slightly deficient total cholesterol. Close relationships between inflammatory, oxidative and hematological biomarkers imply combined immune and metabolic impairments in PTB.
Conclusions: This research highlights new findings on the immunological, oxidative homeostasis, and metabolic perturbations of preterm birth and the potential future application of combinatoric biomarkers to enhance the diagnostic domain and clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms.
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