Pulmonary Hypertension in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Patient Characteristics, and Current Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v11i6.2077Keywords:
Pulmonary, Hypertension, Epidemiology, PharmacologyAbstract
Objective: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Data about the appearance of PH in Saudi Arabia were collected, and the epidemiology, treatment options, and types of medications were discussed.
Results: Studies indicate an alarming increase in PH prevalence, driven by a combination of genetic predispositions, lifestyle changes, and improved diagnostic methods. The demographic profile of PH patients in Saudi Arabia also reveals a concerning trend, with women being affected at a rate higher than men which could be attributed to hormonal influences. Increased awareness, early diagnosis, and the development of targeted treatment strategies are essential for improving outcomes for patients with PH. PH symptoms are managed with a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery, depending on severity and underlying causes. Endothelin Receptor Antagonists, Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors, Prostacyclin Analogues, and Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators, along with novel therapeutic agents such as Sotatercept (activin signaling inhibitors), are the primary treatment pathways for PH. Fasudil (a Rho-kinase, ROCK inhibitor), Tacrolimus (calcineurin inhibitor), estrogen inhibitors, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators are also discussed as potential options.
Conclusion: This review offers a concise overview of pulmonary hypertension in Saudi Arabia, highlighting ongoing challenges and advancements in its management.
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