Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v7i2.910Keywords:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Ulcerative Colitis; Crohn’s Disease; Lifestyle Factors; Dietary Patterns.Abstract
Many dietary and lifestyle factors are found to be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. The purpose of this study is to review the dietary and lifestyle factors associated with IBD. Several studies in IBD were discussed, and highlighted the independent effects of various dietary and lifestyle factors on the risk of IBD. IBD is chronic relapsing intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by complex interactions of multiple factors including smoking, major life stressors, diet and lifestyle. This paper attempts to investigate the association between dietary patterns and IBD risk and compare lifestyle factors among IBD patients. Dietary factors tend to play a pivotal role in the disease etiopathogenesis and course. However, research on food and IBD is contradictory. An excessive intake of sugar and animal fat is considered a risk factor for the development of IBD, whereas a high fiber diet and high intake of fruits and vegetables may play a protective effect. The role of lifestyle factors in IBD is crucial. Amply of evidence suggested that smoking is a causative agent in CD while it is protective against UC. Stress, depression, vitamin D deficiency and impaired sleep have all been all associated with incident IBD. A diet with a modified carbohydrate composition, a semi-vegetarian diet, a diet low in protein and fat and a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols should be taken into consideration for IBD patients.
References
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29- Legaki, E. and Gazouli, M. (2016), Influence of environmental factors in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 7(1), 112.
30- Qalqili T., Rayyan Y., and Tayyem R. (2021), Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases: JGLD, 30(1), In Press.
31- Lindberg, E., Järnerot, G. and Huitfeldt, B. (1992), Smoking in Crohn's disease: effect on localisation and clinical course. Gut, 33(6), 779-782.
32- Van der Heide, F., Dijkstra, A., Weersma, R. K., Albersnagel, F. A., van der Logt, E. M., Faber, K. N. and Dijkstra, G. (2009), Effects of active and passive smoking on disease course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15(8), 1199-1207.
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34- Loftus Jr, E. V. (2004), Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology, 126(6), 1504-1517.
35- Bhatti, M. A. and Hodgson, H. J. F. (1997), Peripheral blood pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) differ between smokers and non-smokers. Gut, 40(3S).
36- Salih, A., Widbom, L., Hultdin, J. and Karling, P. (2018), Smoking is associated with risk for developing inflammatory bowel disease including late onset ulcerative colitis: a prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 53(2), 173-178.
37- Mahid, S. S., Minor, K. S., Soto, R. E., Hornung, C. A. and Galandiuk, S. (2006), Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 81, No. 11, pp. 1462-1471). Elsevier.
38- Cosnes, J. (2010), Smoking, physical activity, nutrition and lifestyle: environmental factors and their impact on IBD. Digestive Diseases, 28(3), 411-417.
39- Bitton, A., Dobkin, P. L., Edwardes, M. D., Sewitch, M. J., Meddings, J. B., Rawal, S. and Wild, G. E. (2008), Predicting relapse in Crohn’s disease: a biopsychosocial model. Gut, 57(10), 1386-1392.
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41- Chapman-Kiddell, C. A., Davies, P. S., Gillen, L. and Radford-Smith, G. L. (2010), Role of diet in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 16(1), 137-151.
42- Nickerson, K. P. and McDonald, C. (2012), Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli adhesion is enhanced by exposure to the ubiquitous dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin. PloS One, 7(12), e52132.
43- Demetriou, C. A., Hadjisavvas, A., Loizidou, M. A., Loucaides, G., Neophytou, I., Sieri, S. andKyriacou, K. (2012), The mediterranean dietary pattern and breast cancer risk in Greek-Cypriot women: a case-control study. BMC Cancer, 12(1), 113.
44- Karimi, Z., Jessri, M., Houshiar-Rad, A., Mirzaei, H. R. and Rashidkhani, B. (2014), Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk among women. Public Health Nutrition, 17(5), 1098-1106.
45- Estruch, R. (2010), Anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean diet: the experience of the PREDIMED study. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 69(3), 333-340.
46- Castello, A., Pollán, M., Buijsse, B., Ruiz, A., Casas, A. M., Baena-Cañada, J. M. and Lluch, A. (2014), Spanish Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: case–control EpiGEICAM study. British Journal of Cancer, 111(7), 1454-1462.
47- Altomare, R., Cacciabaudo, F., Damiano, G., Palumbo, V. D., Gioviale, M. C., Bellavia, M. and Monte, A. I. L. (2013), The mediterranean diet: a history of health. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(5), 449.
48- De Filippis, F., Pellegrini, N., Vannini, L., Jeffery, I. B., La Storia, A., Laghi, L. andTurroni, S. (2016), High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome. Gut, 65(11), 1812-1821.
49- Strisciuglio, C., Giugliano, F., Martinelli, M., Cenni, S., Greco, L., Staiano, A. and Miele, E. (2017), Impact of environmental and familial factors in a cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 64(4), 569-574.
50- Marlow, G., Ellett, S., Ferguson, I. R., Zhu, S., Karunasinghe, N., Jesuthasan, A. C. and Ferguson, L. R. (2013), Transcriptomics to study the effect of a Mediterranean-inspired diet on inflammation in Crohn's disease patients. Human Genomics, 7(1), 24.
51- Lovasz, B. D., Golovics, P. A., Vegh, Z. and Lakatos, P. L. (2013), New trends in inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology and disease course in Eastern Europe. Digestive and Liver Disease, 45(4), 269-276.
52- Hart, A. R., Luben, R., Olsen, A., Tjonneland, A., Linseisen, J., Nagel, G. and Appleby, P. (2008), Diet in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis: a European prospective cohort study. Digestion, 77(1), 57-64.
53- Shivappa, N., Hébert, J. R., Rashvand, S., Rashidkhani, B. and Hekmatdoost, A. (2016), Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of ulcerative colitis in a case–control study from Iran. Nutrition and Cancer, 68(3), 404-409.
54- Li, F., Liu, X., Wang, W. and Zhang, D. (2015), Consumption of vegetables and fruit and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 27(6), 623-630.
55- Chiba, M., Abe, T., Tsuda, H., Sugawara, T., Tsuda, S., Tozawa, H. and Imai, H. (2010), Lifestyle-related disease in Crohn’s disease: relapse prevention by a semi-vegetarian diet. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG, 16(20), 2484.
56- Lee, D., Albenberg, L., Compher, C., Baldassano, R., Piccoli, D., Lewis, J. D. and Wu, G. D. (2015), Diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology, 148(6), 1087-1106.
57- Sakamoto, N., Kono, S., Wakai, K., Fukuda, Y., Satomi, M., Shimoyama, T. and Kobashi, G. (2005), Dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease A Multicenter Caseâ€Control Study in Japan. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 11(2), 154-163.
58- Geerling, B. J., Dagnelie, P. C., Badart-Smook, A., Russel, M. G., Stockbrügger, R. W. and Brummer, R. J. (2000), Diet as a risk factor for the development of ulcerative colitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 95(4), 1008-1013.
59- Qalqili T., Rayyan Y., Abu-Sneineh A., and Tayyem R. (2021), Nutrients Consumed by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Jordanian Patients. Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 29(1), 22-29.
2- Frolkis, A., Dieleman, L. A., Barkema, H. W., Panaccione, R., Ghosh, S., Fedorak, R. N. and Alberta IBD Consortium. (2013), Environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 27.
3- Loddo, I. and Romano, C. (2015), Inflammatory bowel disease: genetics, epigenetics, and pathogenesis. Frontiers in Immunology, 6, 551.
4- Huang, Y. and Chen, Z. (2016), Inflammatory bowel disease related innate immunity and adaptive immunity. American Journal of Translational Research, 8(6), 2490.â€
5- Bonen, D. K. and Cho, J. H. (2003), The genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 124(2), 521-536.
6- O'Sullivan, M. and O'Morain, C. (2006), Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 20(3), 561-573.
7- Manzel, A., Muller, D. N., Hafler, D. A., Erdman, S. E., Linker, R. A. and Kleinewietfeld, M. (2014), Role of “Western diet†in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 14(1), 404.
8- Ye, Y., Pang, Z., Chen, W., Ju, S. and Zhou, C. (2015), The epidemiology and risk factors of inflammatory bowel disease. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 8(12), 22529.
9- Pithadia, A. B. and Jain, S. (2011), Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Pharmacological Reports, 63(3), 629-642.
10- Rutgeerts, P., Van Assche, G. and Vermeire, S. (2004), Optimizing anti-TNF treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 126(6), 1593-1610.
11- Ghoshal, U. C. and Shukla, A. (2008), Malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease patients in northern India: frequency and factors influencing its development.
12- Dong, J., Chen, Y., Tang, Y., Xu, F., Yu, C., Li, Y. and Dai, N. (2015), Body mass index is associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloSOne, 10(12), e0144872.
13- Flores, A., Burstein, E., Cipher, D. J. and Feagins, L. A. (2015), Obesity in inflammatory bowel disease: a marker of less severe disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 60(8), 2436-2445.
14- Capristo, E., Mingrone, G., Addolorato, G., Greco, A. V. andGasbarrini, G. (1998), Metabolic features of inflammatory bowel disease in a remission phase of the disease activity. Journal of Internal Medicine, 243(5), 339-347.
15- Geerling, B. J., Badart-Smook, A., Stockbrügger, R. W. and Brummer, R. J. (1998), Comprehensive nutritional status in patients with long-standing Crohn disease currently in remission. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(5), 919-926.
16- MijaÄ, D. D., Janković, G. L., Jorga, J. and Krstić, M. N. (2010), Nutritional status in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence of malnutrition and methods for routine nutritional assessment. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 21(4), 315-319.
17- Cravo, M., Guerreiro, C. S., dos Santos, P. M., Brito, M., Ferreira, P., Fidalgo, C. and Pereira, A. D. (2010), Risk factors for metabolic bone disease in Crohn's disease patients. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 16(12), 2117-2124.
18- Szilagyi, A. (2019), Relationship (s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology, 1-14.
19- Balistreri, C. R., Caruso, C. and Candore, G. (2010), The role of adipose tissue and adipokines in obesity-related inflammatory diseases. Mediators of Inflammation, 2010.
20- Mendall, M. A., Gunasekera, A. V., John, B. J. and Kumar, D. (2011), Is obesity a risk factor for Crohn’s disease? Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 56(3), 837-844.
21- Chan, S. S., Luben, R., Olsen, A., Tjonneland, A., Kaaks, R., Teucher, B. and Bergmann, M. M. (2013), Body Mass Index and the Risk for Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: Data From a European Prospective Cohort Study (TheIBDin EPIC Study). American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108(4), 575-582.
22- Goh, J. and O'morain, C. A. (2003), Nutrition and adult inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 17(3), 307-320.
23- Nguyen, G. C., Munsell, M. and Harris, M. L. (2008), Nationwide prevalence and prognostic significance of clinically diagnosable protein-calorie malnutrition in hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 14(8), 1105-1111.
24- Strate, L. L., Liu, Y. L., Aldoori, W. H. andGiovannucci, E. L. (2009), Physical activity decreases diverticular complications. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 104(5), 1221.
25- Narula, N. and Fedorak, R. N. (2008), Exercise and inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 22(5), 497-504.
26- Ng, S. C., Tang, W., Leong, R. W., Chen, M., Ko, Y., Studd, C. and Kasturiratne, A. (2015), Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based case-control study in Asia-Pacific. Gut, 64(7), 1063-1071.
27- Hlavaty, T., Toth, J., Koller, T., Krajcovicova, A., Oravcova, S., Zelinkova, Z. and Huorka, M. (2013), Smoking, breastfeeding, physical inactivity, contact with animals, and size of the family influence the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A Slovak case–control study. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 1(2), 109-119.
28- Harries, A. D., Baird, A. and Rhodes, J. (1982), Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis. British Medical Journal, 284(6317), 706.
29- Legaki, E. and Gazouli, M. (2016), Influence of environmental factors in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 7(1), 112.
30- Qalqili T., Rayyan Y., and Tayyem R. (2021), Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases: JGLD, 30(1), In Press.
31- Lindberg, E., Järnerot, G. and Huitfeldt, B. (1992), Smoking in Crohn's disease: effect on localisation and clinical course. Gut, 33(6), 779-782.
32- Van der Heide, F., Dijkstra, A., Weersma, R. K., Albersnagel, F. A., van der Logt, E. M., Faber, K. N. and Dijkstra, G. (2009), Effects of active and passive smoking on disease course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15(8), 1199-1207.
33- Cosnes, J., Carbonnel, F., Carrat, F., Beaugerie, L., Cattan, S. and Gendre, J. (1999), Effects of current and former cigarette smoking on the clinical course of Crohn's disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 13(11), 1403-1411.
34- Loftus Jr, E. V. (2004), Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology, 126(6), 1504-1517.
35- Bhatti, M. A. and Hodgson, H. J. F. (1997), Peripheral blood pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) differ between smokers and non-smokers. Gut, 40(3S).
36- Salih, A., Widbom, L., Hultdin, J. and Karling, P. (2018), Smoking is associated with risk for developing inflammatory bowel disease including late onset ulcerative colitis: a prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 53(2), 173-178.
37- Mahid, S. S., Minor, K. S., Soto, R. E., Hornung, C. A. and Galandiuk, S. (2006), Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 81, No. 11, pp. 1462-1471). Elsevier.
38- Cosnes, J. (2010), Smoking, physical activity, nutrition and lifestyle: environmental factors and their impact on IBD. Digestive Diseases, 28(3), 411-417.
39- Bitton, A., Dobkin, P. L., Edwardes, M. D., Sewitch, M. J., Meddings, J. B., Rawal, S. and Wild, G. E. (2008), Predicting relapse in Crohn’s disease: a biopsychosocial model. Gut, 57(10), 1386-1392.
40- Racine, A., Carbonnel, F., Chan, S. S., Hart, A. R., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Oldenburg, B. and Key, T. (2016), Dietary patterns and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in Europe: results from the EPIC study. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 22(2), 345-354.
41- Chapman-Kiddell, C. A., Davies, P. S., Gillen, L. and Radford-Smith, G. L. (2010), Role of diet in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 16(1), 137-151.
42- Nickerson, K. P. and McDonald, C. (2012), Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli adhesion is enhanced by exposure to the ubiquitous dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin. PloS One, 7(12), e52132.
43- Demetriou, C. A., Hadjisavvas, A., Loizidou, M. A., Loucaides, G., Neophytou, I., Sieri, S. andKyriacou, K. (2012), The mediterranean dietary pattern and breast cancer risk in Greek-Cypriot women: a case-control study. BMC Cancer, 12(1), 113.
44- Karimi, Z., Jessri, M., Houshiar-Rad, A., Mirzaei, H. R. and Rashidkhani, B. (2014), Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk among women. Public Health Nutrition, 17(5), 1098-1106.
45- Estruch, R. (2010), Anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean diet: the experience of the PREDIMED study. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 69(3), 333-340.
46- Castello, A., Pollán, M., Buijsse, B., Ruiz, A., Casas, A. M., Baena-Cañada, J. M. and Lluch, A. (2014), Spanish Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: case–control EpiGEICAM study. British Journal of Cancer, 111(7), 1454-1462.
47- Altomare, R., Cacciabaudo, F., Damiano, G., Palumbo, V. D., Gioviale, M. C., Bellavia, M. and Monte, A. I. L. (2013), The mediterranean diet: a history of health. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(5), 449.
48- De Filippis, F., Pellegrini, N., Vannini, L., Jeffery, I. B., La Storia, A., Laghi, L. andTurroni, S. (2016), High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome. Gut, 65(11), 1812-1821.
49- Strisciuglio, C., Giugliano, F., Martinelli, M., Cenni, S., Greco, L., Staiano, A. and Miele, E. (2017), Impact of environmental and familial factors in a cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 64(4), 569-574.
50- Marlow, G., Ellett, S., Ferguson, I. R., Zhu, S., Karunasinghe, N., Jesuthasan, A. C. and Ferguson, L. R. (2013), Transcriptomics to study the effect of a Mediterranean-inspired diet on inflammation in Crohn's disease patients. Human Genomics, 7(1), 24.
51- Lovasz, B. D., Golovics, P. A., Vegh, Z. and Lakatos, P. L. (2013), New trends in inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology and disease course in Eastern Europe. Digestive and Liver Disease, 45(4), 269-276.
52- Hart, A. R., Luben, R., Olsen, A., Tjonneland, A., Linseisen, J., Nagel, G. and Appleby, P. (2008), Diet in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis: a European prospective cohort study. Digestion, 77(1), 57-64.
53- Shivappa, N., Hébert, J. R., Rashvand, S., Rashidkhani, B. and Hekmatdoost, A. (2016), Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of ulcerative colitis in a case–control study from Iran. Nutrition and Cancer, 68(3), 404-409.
54- Li, F., Liu, X., Wang, W. and Zhang, D. (2015), Consumption of vegetables and fruit and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 27(6), 623-630.
55- Chiba, M., Abe, T., Tsuda, H., Sugawara, T., Tsuda, S., Tozawa, H. and Imai, H. (2010), Lifestyle-related disease in Crohn’s disease: relapse prevention by a semi-vegetarian diet. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG, 16(20), 2484.
56- Lee, D., Albenberg, L., Compher, C., Baldassano, R., Piccoli, D., Lewis, J. D. and Wu, G. D. (2015), Diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology, 148(6), 1087-1106.
57- Sakamoto, N., Kono, S., Wakai, K., Fukuda, Y., Satomi, M., Shimoyama, T. and Kobashi, G. (2005), Dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease A Multicenter Caseâ€Control Study in Japan. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 11(2), 154-163.
58- Geerling, B. J., Dagnelie, P. C., Badart-Smook, A., Russel, M. G., Stockbrügger, R. W. and Brummer, R. J. (2000), Diet as a risk factor for the development of ulcerative colitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 95(4), 1008-1013.
59- Qalqili T., Rayyan Y., Abu-Sneineh A., and Tayyem R. (2021), Nutrients Consumed by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Jordanian Patients. Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 29(1), 22-29.
