VitaminD deficiency and hypertension in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients

Abstract

Objective Vitamin D3 deficiency has been defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25-(OH)D3] levels below 30 ng/ml and it is common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Laboratory studies indicate that 1,25-(OH)D3 suppresses renin expression and vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, then decreases blood pressure. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the association between 25-(OH)D3 level and the risk of blood pressure, and its relation with T2DM and body mass index (BMI).
Method This study was conducted at Al-Hussein Medical City/Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Karbala, Iraq. All samples, 30 apparently healthy subjects as control, N = 30 and 90 patients (equal number of male and female) with T2DM [50 obese with hypertension (G1) and 40 non-obese without hypertension (G2)], were randomly selected from diabetic patients who had attended the diabetic consultation unit from November 2012 to June 2013 with age ranged between 23 and 75 years. Measurement of 25-(OH)D3, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in addition to blood pressure and BMI were calculated in all samples.
Results The results showed that serum 25-(OH)D3 was significantly decreased in G1 and G2 groups (16.8 ± 8.8 ng/ml, 19.5 ± 9.7 ng/ml, respectively), compared with control group (36.0 ± 9.4 ng/ml) at P < 0.001, and 68% of female vs. 57% of male underwent this deficiency. Also 25-(OH)D3 had negative correlation with blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and BMI in diabetic patients in G1 at P < 0.0001 and it had positive significant correlation with HDL-C in G1 and G2 groups.
Conclusion It can be concluded that T2DM, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels correlates significantly with lower concentration of 25-(OH)D3, which suggested that clinical experiences should be taking into account the protective effect of vitamin D in decrease hypertension, which reflects risk factors in diabetic patients with hypertension that leads to metabolic syndrome and then to cardiovascular diseases.